===== Get the last n characters from a bash variable =====

To extract the last 'n' characters from a string in Bash, the most common and efficient method is using string slicing with a negative offset.
Using String Slicing:
<code>

string="This is a sample string"
n=5 # Number of last characters to extract

last_n_chars="${string: -$n}"
echo "$last_n_chars"

</code>